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"As the world has witnessed the worst financial crisis and climate crisis of our age, during the period of 2007-2009, the issues surrounding the emergence and development of financial markets and carbon markets is becoming an increasingly significant area of research and debate worldwide. By engaging with recently developed methods of research and new areas of practice, this book investigates the political, economic, policy and geographic determinants of the development of financial markets. The volume examines the causality between financial development and aggregate private investment from an economic perspective. It also explores the consequences of political liberalization, focusing on the impact of institutional improvement on financial development. It studies what stimulates governments to initiate reforms aimed at boosting financial development, and analyses the determinants of carbon markets in developing countries from a geographic point of view.

This book is essential reading for all interested in economic and financial development, climate change, environmental economics, and applied econometrics.
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Financiële inclusie wordt globaal bevorderd door overheden en internationale organisaties als een krachtig instrument om extreme armoede te elimineren en de economische vooruitgang te versnellen. Toch blijven er een aantal vragen over financiele integratie. Bijvoorbeeld, welke vooruitgang is er geboekt in de wereldwijde bevordering van financiële integratie in de afgelopen jaren? Wat stimuleert huishoudens om op de financiële markt te stappen, en wat stimuleert banken om financiële diensten aan de armen te bieden? Wat is de impact van financiële inclusie op het leven van de armen? Met behulp van twee bronnen van gegevens over globale microfinancieringsinstellingen, dat wil zeggen de aanbodzijde van de financiële markt en gegevens over huishoudens in China, dat wil zeggen de vraagzijde van de financiële markt, beantwoordt deze proefschrift bovenstaande vragen en schetst de vooruitgang, de motivaties en de impact van de financiële inclusie. ; Financial inclusion is promoted globally by governments and international organizations as a powerful tool for eliminating extreme poverty and accelerating economic progress. Yet, a number of questions about financial inclusion remain. For instance, what progress has been made in the worldwide promotion of financial inclusion in recent years? What motivates households to step in the financial market, and what motivates banks to provide financial services to the poor? What is the impact of financial inclusion on the lives of the poor? Using two sources of data covering global microfinance institutions, i.e. the supply side of financial market, and data covering households in China, i.e. the demand side of financial market, this thesis answers above questions and shed light on the progress, motivations and impact of financial inclusion.